Nanostructure Pt Electrode Obtained via Self-assembly of Nanoparticles on Conductive Oxide-coated Glass Substrate

Self-assembly of platinum nanoparticles were applied to fabrication of counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells on conductive oxide-coated glass substrate. The present Pt electrode exhibits high exchange current density of 220 mA/cm^2, which is comparable to those prepared by electrodeposition, magnetron sputtering or thermal decomposition of platinum chloride. After analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that the catalyst was structurally characterized as nanosized platinum metal clusters and was continuously arranged on electrode surface. The present nanostructure electrode had high electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of iodine in organic solution.     

Electrochemical Properties of Vanadium Oxide Aerogels and Aerogel Nanocomposites

The electrochemical properties of high surface area transition metal oxide aerogels are extremely interesting because aerogels serve to amplify surface effects. As a result, the electrochemical properties are dominated by surfaces rather than by bulk behavior. In the case of vanadium oxide aerogels this leads to extraordinary electrochemical properties, including an extremely high capacity for lithium and electrochemical responses that are both battery-like and capacitor-like. By exploiting sol-gel synthesis, it is possible to synthesize nanocomposite electrodes in which aerogels are in intimate contact with carbon nanotubes. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical properties, especially at high discharge.     

Trace analysis of selected benzidine and diaminodiphenylmethane derivates in urine by means of liquid chromatography using precolumn sample preconcentration,UV and electrochemical detection

Summary For the title compounds 4,4-DADPM, MOCA, 3,3-DCB, 4-ADP and 4-ADPA listing on the EPA priority pollutant list, an analytical practicable, reliable, reproducible and sensitive procedure is required. Therefore a new method has been developed for the routine determination of these toxic aromatic amines in urine at the ppb level. The quantitative determination of amines is a suitable procedure of occupationally exposed persons. Urine sample preparation is done using simple liquid-liquid extraction followed by a precolumn enrichment (PRP₁-material; Hamilton). Breakthrough measurements were done using an enrichment column packed with PRP₁ material. The capacities of the studied amines ranged from 21.9mg/g to 96.6mg/g, while influent concentrations differed from 28.3mg/l to 332.0mg/l. The advantages of electrochemical detection regarding to selectivity and sensitivity are clearly indicated in this paper. Separation has been achieved applying reversed-phase-high-performance-liquid chromatography (LiChrosorb RP 18/5m) followed by electrochemical or UV-detection. The detection limits employing an electrochemical detector at a potential of 1 V range from 2.2ng to 12.1ng. UV detection at 254 nm and 280 nm is about 10–100 times less sensitive. Recoveries from spiked water samples at the 5ppb levels were 75% to 96% respectively. The standard deviation of the developed procedure varies from 5.3% to 14%. Day-to-day repeatability is good.     

First radical cation salts of 2,5-bis(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDA-TTP) with copper(II) metal complex anions: β-(BDA-TTP)4Cu2Cl6 and (BDA-TTP)2CuCl4

New radical cation salts based on 2,5-bis(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (BDA-TTP) with copper(II) metal complex anions, β-(BDA-TTP)₄Cu₂Cl₆ and (BDA-TTP)₂CuCl₄, were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single crystals were prepared by electrochemical oxidation of BDA-TTP under galvanostatic conditions. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated that the salts have a layered structure, in which the conducting BDA-TTP layers alternate with the [Cu₂Cl₆]²⁻ or [CuCl₄]²⁻ anions. Both salts show the semiconductor-type temperature dependence of the conductivity. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 48–54, January, 2007.     

Determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine using reversed-phase HPLC and pulsed electrochemical detection (Part II)

A direct, versatile method for the determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a biomarker of ethanol consumption, in urine has been developed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection (PED). EtG and methyl glucuronide (MetG), which serves as an internal standard, are readily separated using a mobile phase consisting of 1% acetic acid/acetonitrile (98/2, v/v). Post-column addition of NaOH allows for the detection of all glucuronides using PED at a gold working electrode. Upon optimization, EtG was found to have a limit of detection of 0.03 μg/mL (7 pmol; 50 μL injection volume) and repeatability at the limit of quantitation of 1.7%R.S.D. (relative standard deviation). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an aminopropyl phase was used to remove interferents in urine samples prior to their analysis. Compound recovery following SPE was approximately 50 ± 2%. The forensic utility of this method was further validated by the analysis of 29 post-mortem urine specimens, whose results agreed strongly with certified determinations.     

纳米TiO2膜用于光催化氧化测定化学需氧量的研究

A photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand （COD） using nano-TiO2 film, based on the use of a nano-TiO2-Ce（SO4）2 system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique was originated from the direct determination of the Ce（Ⅲ） concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. Ce（Ⅲ）, which was produced by photocatalytic reduction of Ce（SO4）2, could be measured at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNT） chemically modified electrode （CME）. The COD values by this method were calculated from the differential pulse voltammetry （DPV） current of Ce（Ⅲ） at the CME. Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.5 mg·L^-1 COD with the linear range of 1-600 mg·L^-1 was achieved. This method was also applied to determination of various COD of ground water and wastewater samples. The resuits were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods, i.e., permanganate and dichromate ones.     

邻苯二酚与乙醇单醚化反应用固体酸催化剂表面上的积炭行为

 研究了邻苯二酚与乙醇气固相单醚化反应用固体酸催化剂表面上的积炭行为，并用TG－DTA，BET，GC－MS，FT－IR和元素分析等手段对积炭物种进行了表征．结果表明，催化剂上有两种类型的积炭，一类属可溶性积炭，主要由二苯醚及其衍生物组成，可在低温燃烧除去；另一类属不可溶性积炭，主要为缺氢的芳烃类聚合物或类石墨碳，需在高温下才能烧除．积炭主要发生在4～8nm范围的中孔内，导致反应后的催化剂大孔范围的孔分布所占的分数增大．随着反应的进行，总积炭量逐渐增多．     

Orthogonal PbS nanowire arrays and networks and their Raman scattering behavior

Three-dimensional, orthogonal lead sulfide (PbS) nanowire arrays and networks have been prepared by using a simple, atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) method. These uniform nanowires (average diameter 30 nm) grow epitaxially from the surface of the initial PbS crystal seeds and form orthogonal arrays and networks in space. The growth mechanism has been explored, and the process was classified as homogeneous, epitaxial growth in the 200 directions. Furthermore, Raman spectra of PbS nanowires are reported here, and their characteristic Raman peak (190 cm(-1), no shoulder) could be used as a unique probe for the study of PbS nanomaterials.     

米非司酮的吸附伏安特性

在ＰＨ７．０Ｂｒｉｔｔｏｎ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ缓冲溶液中，米非司酮（Ｍｉｆｅｐｒｉｓｔｏｎｅ，ＲＵ４８６）在汞电极上有２个不可逆的线性扫描还原峰，峰电位分别为－１．２３Ｖ和－１．６８Ｖ。本文探讨了第一峰的电化学行为。     

Optical emission spectroscopy as a real time diagnostic tool for plasma-assisted deposition of TiN

Real-time optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to monitor the deposition of TiN both from mixtures of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMATi)-N₂ and TiCl₄-H₂-N₂ in an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition system. The accurate control of the ratio of the emission intensities of ionized nitrogen at 391.4 nm and molecular nitrogen at 357.7 nm (N ₂ ⁺ /N₂) led to low temperature deposition of stoichiometric TiN (Ti/N ≈ 1) and very low resistivity in both cases. It was found that high ion density plasmas are crucial for a considerable reduction of the deposition temperature while maintaining good film quality. OES shows that the abundance of certain excited plasma species is not only dependent on the gas mixture and the deposition parameters, such as total pressure and microwave power, but also is strongly affected by the magnetic field configuration. The deposition rate and the film resistivity can be related to the emission intensity ratio, I(N ₂ ⁺ )/I(N₂). Finally, the two processes are compared in terms of the quality of as-deposited and heat-treated films. The comparison shows that the films obtained with TDMATi exhibit lower resistivity and are thermally more stable than with TiCl₄.